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Isolation And Characterization Of Antibiotic Resistant Lactic Acid Bacteria From Poultry Gastrointestinal Tract

by Nabeea Saleem (2008-VA-234) | Dr. Muhammad Nawaz | Dr. Aamir Ghafoor | Dr. Aqeel Javeed.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are heterogeneous group of bacteria which are fastidious in nature. LAB has acquired status as Generally-Recognized-as-Safe (GRAS) status. Over-use and misuse of antibiotics in veterinary and human clinical setups give rise to antibiotic resistant lactic acid bacteria in gastrointestinal tracts which act as antibiotic resistance reservoir. Acquired and transferable antibiotic resistance in lactic acid bacteria is a newly identified safety concern in poultry. So, it is dire need of time to determine the situation of antibiotic resistance in lactic acid bacteria of poultry gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The present study was conducted to isolate lactobacilli from indigenous and broiler gastrointestinal tract of chicken. For this purpose, chicken feces, cloaca and caecum samples (n=20 each) were collected from Lahore. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated on MRS medium. Isolates were identified by phenotypic characteristics including Colonial morphology, Gram staining and Catalase test. While molecular identification of lactobacillus spp. was done by PCR at an annealing temperature of 55°C using the primers XB-5 and LbLMA-1 with an expected product size of 250bp. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of different antibiotics such as ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, cephradine, cefuroxime, ofloxacin, levofloxacin were determined by the broth micro dilution method following the EFSA guidelines. Antibiotic resistance genes, including erythromycin arm (B) and tetracycline Tet (M) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The comparison of % antibiotic resistance pattern between broiler and indigenous lactobacillus spp. against different antibiotics was analysed for chi-square test using SPSS ……………………………………………………………………………………………Summary 67 version 16.0. The study provided data on antibiotic resistance pattern of transferable resistance genes in lactic acid bacteria of poultry gut. Conclusion: From the present study it is concluded that a high level of resistance was shown by lactobacillus spp. against tested antibiotics. Lactobacillus spp. were screened by PCR for known resistance genes and thus were able to determine the presence of erm(B) and tet (M) genes in all lactobacillus spp. using erm(B) and tet (M)-specific primers. All lactobacillus spp. were also phenotypically resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline. Thus, the present study indicates that such erm (B) and Tet (M) genes occur among different LAB genera and species therefore it is the need of time to study other resistance determinants to ensure the safety of poultry meat and spread of resistance determinants. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2282-T] (1).

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Evaluation Of Immunomodulatory Activity Of Ketorolac In Mice

by Mahtab Anwer (2013-VA-846) | Dr. Aqeel Javeed | Dr. Muhammad Ovais Omer | Dr. Aamir Ghafoor.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Ketorolac is one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly prescribed to treat postoperative pain and reduced stress response.The present study was designed to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of ketorolac.In each assay, 25 mice were used. All the mice were divided randomly into 5 groups. Each group had 5 mice. Negative control group was treated with solvent, positive control group was treated with cyclophosphamide and other three groups were injected intraperitoneally at the three different doses of ketorolac (2mg/kg, 4mg/kg and 8mg/kg). Delayed type hypersensitivity assay (DTH) and cyclophosphamide induced neutropenia assays were performed to evaluate the cell-mediated immune activity of ketorolac. While, the effect of ketorolac on humoral immunity was determined by performing heamagglutination assay and mice lethality test.It was observed that significant reduction in skin thickness and white blood cells and neutropenia in dose dependent manner of ketorolac treated groups (8mg/kg ketorolac > 4mg/kg ketorolac > 2mg/kg ketorolac).Significant reduction in HAtiter values in dose dependent manner of ketorolac treated groups were also evaluated (8mg/kg ketorolac >4mg/kg ketorolac >2mg/kg ketorolac).In mice lethality assay, mortality ratio was maximum in 8mg/kg ketorolac treated group which was 100%. In 4mg/kg ketorolac group and positive control group showed the 80% mortality and 2mg/kg ketorolac treated group showed the 40% mortality. Minimum mortality was observed in negative control group. From these results, ketorolac exhibited the immunosuppressive effect. This study may have potential impacts of ketorolac in clinical applications besides its analgesic and anti -inflammatory properties. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2441-T] (1).

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Study On The Status And Risk Factors Of Brucellosis In Small Ruminants Of District Bagh Azad Jammu And Kashmir

by Hafiz Muhammad Atique Ghafoor (2008-VA-160) | Dr. Aamir Ghafoor | Prof Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Dr. Aqeel Javeed.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases of large and small ruminants with worldwide distribution. Brucellosis is declared as serious problem in 86 countries as it is widely distributed throughout the developing world (WHO, 1996). It mainly affects sexually mature animals and causes significant reproductive losses (Wadood et al. 2009). In Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK), research work on seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants is very limited. In Bhimber Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 13.33% prevalence of brucellosis in goats has been reported (Din et al. 2013). In another study in Kashmir valley, overall 6.5% small ruminants were found positive by RBPT (STAT 2013). The data was based only on screening test. No confirmatory test like ELISA or PCR was performed to know the true picture of disease problem among RBPT positive ones. To find out seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants, 400 animals ( n= 173 sheep, n=227 goat) were randomly selected and were screened for brucellosis in District Bagh Azad Jammu and Kashmir. A questionnaire was filled for each animal which carried entries including breed, specie, sex, lactation status, abortion history, housing, feeding, age and management etc. Sera samples from these animals were collected and examined by RBPT. Sera samples declared positive by RBPT were subjected to further analysis through ELISA. All lab analyses were done at University diagnostic Lab UVAS, Lahore. The data originated from this study was tested by using Chi square by using “SPSS version 20” and probability level <0.05 was considered significantly different. The results showed overall prevalence 30.75% through RBPT while 2.25 % by ELISA in sheep and goats of District Bagh Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The results showed that the prevalence through RBPT was 14.7 % in Summary 33 sheep and 16 % in goats while through ELISA it was 1 % and 1.25 % in sheep and goats respectively. The results revealed that overall prevalence was higher in goats than in sheep. Moreover the prevalence was higher in female then in male. The prevalence of brucellosis was higher in age group (1.6 Y to 3 Y) in both sheep and goats. The results showed that prevalence was higher in non-pregnant as compare to pregnant animals while prevalence was higher in dry as compare to lactating sheep and goats. Area wise results revealed that prevalence was higher in Bagh followed by Harighel, Arja and Mongbajri. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2616-T] (1).

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